Cyrene as a bio-based solvent for HATU mediated amide coupling. N-butylpyrrolidinone as alternative solvent for solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Lopez, J., Pletscher, S., Aemissegger, A., Bucher, C.
Peptide synthesis beyond DMF: THF and ACN as excellent and friendlier alternatives. Protecting-group-free amidation of amino acids using lewis acid catalysts. Borate esters: simple catalysts for the sustainable synthesis of complex amides. Toxicological review of dichloromethane (methylene chloride). Member state committee support document for identification of N,N-dimethylformamide as a substance of very high concern because of its CMR properties. Analysis of past and present synthetic methodologies on medicinal chemistry: where have all the new reactions gone? J. The nitro reduction procedure will typically take 6–8 h to complete, including setup, reaction time and workup.īrown, D. The workup usually consists of a simple extraction and acidic/basic aqueous washings. The peptide synthesis will typically take, overall, 3–4 h for a simple coupling and 8 h for a two-step deprotection/coupling process. Likewise, a safe, inexpensive and efficient procedure is outlined for nitro-group reductions, using industrial iron in the form of carbonyl iron powder (CIP), an inexpensive item of commerce. Polypeptides can now be made in water at ambient temperatures using small amounts of the designer surfactant TPGS-750-M, thereby eliminating the use of organic solvents as the reaction medium. The two protocols herein describe alternative technologies that offer solutions to these issues. Unfortunately, such processes can be especially wasteful and hence environmentally harmful, and may present safety hazards as well, given the reaction conditions involved. Amide bond formation and aromatic/heteroaromatic nitro-group reductions represent two of the most commonly used transformations in organic synthesis.
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